CARPET

Persian Carpets, Persian Rugs

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Scholars consider the Pazyryk rug to be a part of the Parthian or Median textures of the Achaemenid period. Bahar Khosrow is another famous carpet of this period, its good reputation is due to its unique pattern, which represents a garden decorated with flowers, birds and streams of running water, is also mentioned in the History of al-Tabari.

Carpet weaving was introduced to Spain by the Moors in the 10th century. The Crusades brought Turkish carpets to Europe, where they were mostly hung from walls or placed on tables; Thus, Europeans, from the very beginning of their acquaintance with the carpet, they viewed it as a work of art and not as an ornament. After the expansion of trade in the 17th century, Iranian carpets were significantly introduced to Western Europe. Today, the major centers of carpet production and weaving are Iran, Pakistan, India, Turkey, North Africa, the Caucasus, Nepal, Spain, Turkmenistan and Tibet.

The beginning of classical Iranian carpet weaving dates back to the Safavid dynasty and developed in cities such as Tabriz, Ravar, Isfahan, Kashan, Mashhad, Kerman, Joshaghan, Yazd, Astarabad, Herat, Shirvan, Qarabagh and Gilan. At the same time, the use of Medallion design in the middle of the carpet with special corners become popular. Also, the expansion of Iranian carpet export, during the reign of Fath Ali Shah and later by Nasser al-Din Shah, made Iran the largest exporter of handmade carpets. The Heydarian family is one of the oldest families producing handmade carpets, and they are producing handmade carpets for 120 years.

If a handmade carpet is well maintained, it can last for centuries and maintain its quality and beauty the best way to deal with carpet beetles is frequent walk on the carpets, beside light and regular ventilation. Used carpets are less exposed to insects, but if the carpet is in stock, it needs to be inspected from time to time. Water is the carpet’s best friend and worst enemy. Water is the best tool for cleaning carpets and partial staining of wool carpets with solid color. But staying wet is dangerous for any rug; even high-consistency carpets may lose their color quality if left wet.

Machine woven carpet

Machine-made carpet is a synthetic type of carpet that, unlike hand-woven carpets, is woven by industrial machinery. Due to the speed of production and also the cheapness of raw materials, it is cheaper than hand-woven carpets, while having some advantages such as easier execution, better and higher quality designs, due to the easy use of various artistic and personal images on it. These carpets are produced on an industrial scale using mechanical textile machines called power knitting machines. The knitting machine is a large machine that works with electricity and is automatically controlled by computers. As a result, machine-made carpets are made faster than handmade carpets.

Materials used in the weaving of these carpets include nylon, acrylic, polypropylene, polyester, art silk, olefins or any other synthetic fibers. Due to the artificial nature of these materials, machine-made carpets are sold at a lower price than hand-woven carpets and other handmade carpets. As a result, they can be a substitute for hand-woven rugs but have no value for collectors. Machine-made carpets usually have a useful life of about 20 years or less, depending on the quality and materials used in them. The backs of machine-made carpets look perfectly smooth and even. Most factory owners cannot make machine-made carpets exactly like handmade carpets. In fact, the perfection of the machine-made carpet indicates that it was not woven by human hands.

The use of steam power created one of the greatest revolutions in the world industry. The first industry to use steam power as a driving force was the textile industry. In 1875, James Watt and his colleague Matthew Bolton installed one of their inventive motors at a cotton spinning mill in Britain. With the success of steam engines in the textile industry, other industries gradually began to use these engines.

Fifty-three years later, a steam-powered carpet weaving machine was built. The steam-powered carpet weaving looms were first made in the United States. These machines were first widely used in the British carpet weaving industry. In fact, the carpet trade across the Atlantic Ocean mobilized entrepreneurs and inventors on both sides, and exchange of thoughts and ideas between the United Kingdom and the United States led to the global growth of machine-made carpets in both technical and commercial fields. At the same time, the use of steam power in railways made it easier to produce and trade machine-made carpets.

The first purpose of industrializing machine-made carpet weaving was to produce carpets similar to hand-woven carpets at a lower cost, or in other words, to expand the carpet market from royal palaces and castles into people’s homes, especially the middle and even the poor. The manufacturers’ goals were also the ease of production, low cost and more importantly the ability to create designs that have the complexity and precision of handmade carpets; However, the aesthetic importance of the carpet at that time cannot be underestimated.

The United States is currently the world’s largest producer of machine-made carpets, and China, Turkey, Egypt, Canada, Belgium, India and the Netherlands are the next. On the other hand, the countries that have the highest imports of carpets are the United States, Egypt, Canada, China, Britain, Australia, Turkey, Indonesia, Japan, India and Iran, respectively.